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Organic Chemistry

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Chemical Properties of Alkenes

Chemical Properties

Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes because alkenes are stabilized by a double bond, and the breaking of the double bond requires more energy. The major reaction of alkenes are discussed here:

Combustion Reaction

If alkenes burn completely, it gives off carbon dioxide and water. If alkene does not burn completely, it gives off: carbon monoxide and water.

  1. Addition Reaction of Alkene

Alkenes are unsaturated Hydrocarbon, so they undergo additional reactions. The addition takes place in the place of the double bond. Alkenes undergo an addition reaction with halogen, steam, hydrogen, halogen halide, and potassium permanganate. 

Addition of Hydrogen

Hydrogen gas adds to alkenes and alkynes in the presence of catalysts like platinum, nickel to form alkanes. This process is also called hydrogenation.

Addition of halogens

Halogens like bromine or chlorine add up to alkene to form vicinal dihalides.

Addition of Hydrogen Halide

Hydrogen Halides add up to alkenes to give alkyl halide. During the addition of hydrogen halide, the addition may follow the Markovnikov rule or Anti-Markovnikov rule. In the absence of peroxide, it follows Markovnikov rule, while in peroxide, it follows Markovnikov rule.

Addition of Water

Polymerization

Alkene monomer may combine to form a polymer. This reaction is called polymerization.

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