i
Search icon

Organic Chemistry

Self Learning   /   Study Material   /   Creams, Perfumes, Deodorants, Ceramics etc.
Previous
Next

Creams, Perfumes, Deodorants, Ceramics etc.

Creams: There are many lotions available for various usage. Some of them are classified as Cleansing creams, cold creams, vanishing lotions, sunburn creams, bleach creams etc.

Perfumes: Perfumes are materials used to provide fragrance. Several requirements are fulfilled to make good perfume and any material, which just gives a pleasant smell, may not be a perfume.

Talcum Powder: Talcum powder reduces irritation of the skin. Chalk, Zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sterate and suitable perfume act as the other main constituents of talcum powder.

Deodorants: Deodorants are the chemicals used to mask the body odour.

Ceramics: Ceramics are inorganic non-metallic, covalent network solids that can be made into a paste and shaped at an average temperature which when fired at high-temperature gain strength e.g., clays, aluminium, oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, crystalline and amorphous silicon dioxide.

Preservatives: The most common chemicals used is sodium benzoate. It is metabolized by conversion to hippuric acid, which ultimately is excreted in the urine. Potassium metal bisulphite is used for the preservation of transparent food materials such as fruit juice, squashes etc. 

Detergents: Detergents are the substances which remove dirt and have cleansing action in the water. There are two types of detergents.

  1. Soapy detergents or soaps.
  2. Non-soapy detergents or soapless soaps
  • Soap is an alkali salt of long-chain carboxylic acids. The salt made up of sodium salt of fatty acids are hard, and that of potassium salt of fatty acids are soft. Hard soaps are used for washing purpose, and soft soaps are used for toilet soaps.
  • Non-soapy Detergents: This is the sodium salt of long-chain benzene sulphuric acid or the sodium salt of a long chain alkyl hydrogen sulphate, synthetic detergents are prepared by reacting hydrocarbons from petroleum with concentration. Example: benzene sulphonate, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.

Insects repellents: Dimethyl phthalate is a good mosquito repellent, N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide(dect) is active against flies, mosquitos and many other insects, N, N-diethylbenzamide in the active component of many mosquito repellents creams. Examples: Dimethylphthalate, N, N-diethyl benzamide, N, N-dimethyl-meta-toluamide etc.

© All rights Reserved | SelfLearning.io